Co-digestion of Oil Palm Trunk Hydrolysate and Slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biohydrogen Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor by Immobilized Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 on Expanded Clay

The goal of this study was to evaluate the use expanded clay as a support material for Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum KKU19 produce hydrogen from oil palm trunk hydrolysate (OPT) and slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) in fixed-bed reactor (FBR) under non-sterile conditions. effects hydraulic retention time (HRT) on performance FBR were also investigated. operated at an OPT SHW ratio 2.55:1 (v:v), 60°C, initial pH 6.5, 1.2 mg (as total volatile solids/g clay) T. immobilized clay. A maximum production rate (HPR) yield (HY) 7.15 ± 0.22 L/L day 234.45 5.14 mL H 2 /g-COD, respectively, obtained HRT 6 h. Long-term operation h indicated that efficiently immobilizes KKU19, which HPR 6.82 0.56 L /L day, HY 231.99 19.59 /g-COD obtained. Furthermore, COD removal efficiency 30% long-term comparable short-term days. Butyric acetic acids main soluble metabolite products, thereby indicating butyrate–acetate type fermentation. Our findings indicate is effective contributes protection microbial cells can be used operation.